Please visit my Google Scholar page for the most recent publications.
JOURNAL ARTICLES UNDER REVIEW
* indicates my graduate students
J44. Mehrabipour M.* and A. Hajbabaie. A Distributed Gradient Approach for Cell Transmission Model-based System Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. Submitted.
J43. Islam S.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2021. An Enhanced Cell Transmission Model for Multi-class Signal Control. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Submitted.
J42. Mohebifard R.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2021. Trajectory Control in Roundabouts with a Mixed-fleet of Automated and Human-driven Vehicles. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Submitted.
J41. Mohebifard R.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2021. Connected Automated Vehicle Control in Single Lane Roundabouts. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Submitted.
J40. Tajalli M.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2021. A Lagrangian-based Signal Timing and Trajectory Optimization in a Mix Traffic Stream of Connected Self-driving and Human-driven Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Submitted.
J39. Tajalli M.*, A. Mirheli, L. Hajibabai, and A. Hajbabaie, 2021. Utilization and Cost Estimation Models for Highway Fleet Equipment. Transportation Research Record, Submitted.
J38. Islam S.*, M. Tajalli*, R. Mohebifard*, and A. Hajbabaie, 2021. The Effects of Connectivity and Traffic Observability on Adaptive Traffic Signal Control. Transportation Research Record, Submitted.
J37. Tajalli M.*, G. F. List, and A. Hajbabaie, 2021. Testing Connected Vehicle-based Accident Mitigation Strategies using Simulation. Transportation Research Record, Submitted.
JOURNAL ARTICLES
2020
J36. Islam S.*, A. Hajbabaie, and H. Aziz, 2020. A Real-Time Network-Level Traffic Signal Control Methodology with Partial Vehicle Information. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol 121, 102830.
J35. Tajalli M.*, M. Mehrabipour*, and A. Hajbabaie, 2020. Cooperative Signal Timing and Speed Optimization in Connected Urban-Street Networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, In Press.
J34. Mirheli A., Tajalli M.*, Mohebifard R.*, L. Hajibabai, and A. Hajbabaie, 2020. Utilization Management of Highway Operations Equipment. Transportation Research Record, Vol. 2674.9, pp 202-215.
J33. Niroumand R.*, M. Tajalli*, L. Hajibabai, and A. Hajbabaie, 2020. Joint Optimization of Vehicle-group Trajectory and Signal Timing: A New Phase for a Mixed-autonomy Traffic Stream. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 116:102659.
J32. Islam S.*, and H. Aziz. A. Hajbabaie, 2020. Stochastic Gradient-based Optimal Signal Control with Energy Consumption Bounds. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, In Press.
2019
J31. Mohebifard R.*, S. Islam*, and A. Hajbabaie, 2019. Cooperative traffic signal and perimeter control in semi-connected urban-street networks. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 104, pp 408-427.
J30. Mehrabipour M.*, L. Hajibabai, and A. Hajbabaie, 2019. A Decomposition Scheme for Parallelization of System Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment on Urban Networks with Multiple Origins and Destinations. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 34.10, pp 915-931.
J29. Mohebifard R.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2019. Optimal Network-level Traffic Signal Control: A Benders Decomposition-based Solution Algorithm. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Vol. 121, pp 252-274.
J28. Mirheli A., M. Tajalli*, L. Hajibabai, and A. Hajbabaie, 2019. A Consensus-based Distributed Trajectory Control in a Signal-free Intersection. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 100, pp 161-176.
J27. Mohebifard R.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2019. Distributed Optimization and Coordination Algorithms for Dynamic Traffic Metering in Connected Urban Street Networks. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp 1930-1941.
2018
J26. Tajalli M.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2018. Distributed Optimization and Coordination Algorithms for Dynamic Speed Harmonization in Connected Urban Street Networks. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 95, pp 497-515.
J25. Mohebifard R.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2018. Dynamic Traffic Metering in Urban Street Networks: Formulation, Algorithm, and Application. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 93, pp 161-178.
J24. Mirheli A., L. Hajibabai, and A. Hajbabaie, 2018. Development of a Signal-head-free Intersection Control Logic in a Fully Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 92, pp 412-425.
J23. Tajalli M.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2018. Dynamic Speed Harmonization in Connected Urban Street Networks. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructural Engineering, Vol. 33, pp 510-523.
2017
J22. Mehrabipour M.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2017. A Cell Based Distributed-Coordinated Approach for Network Level Signal Timing Optimization. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructural Engineering, Vol. 32.8, pp 599-616.
J21. Islam S.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2017. Distributed – Coordinated Signal Timing Optimization in Connected Transportation Networks. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, Vol. 80, pp 272-285.
J20. Tajalli M.* and A. Hajbabaie, 2017. On the Relationships between Commuting Mode Choice and Public Health. Journal of Transport and Health, Vol. 4, pp 267-277.
J19. Hajbabaie A., S. Kim, B. J. Schroeder, S. Aghdashi, N. M. Rouphail, and K. Tabrizi, 2017. Saturation Headway Estimation on Urban Street Work Zones. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2615, pp 26-34.
J18. Yoem C., A. Hajbabaie, W. Rasdorf, N. M. Rouphail, and B. Schroeder, 2017. Freeway Work Zone Free-Flow Speed Model Development, Institute of Transportation Engineers Journal, Vol. 87, Issue 11, pp 38-44.
2016
J17. Hajbabaie A., S. Aghdashi, and N. M. Rouphail, 2016. Enhanced Decision Making Framework Using Reliability Concepts for Freeways. Journal of Transportation Engineering (ASCE), 142(4).
J16. Kim S., A. Hajbabaie, B. M. Williams, N. M. Rouphail, 2016. Dynamic Bandwidth Analysis for Coordinated Arterial Streets. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Technology, Planning, and Operations, Volume 20, Issue 3, pp 294-310.
2015
J15. Hajbabaie A. and R. F. Benekohal, 2015. A Program for Simultaneous Network Signal Timing Optimization and Traffic Assignment. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 2573-2586.
J14. Hajbabaie A., N. M. Rouphail, B. J. Schroeder, and R Dowling, 2015. A Planning-Level Methodology for Freeway Facilities. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2483, pp 47-56.
J13. Aghdashi S., A. Hajbabaie, N. M. Rouphail, and B. J. Schroeder, 2015. Freeway Reliability Scenario Generation: A Hybrid Approach. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. Vol. 2485, pp 51-60.
J12. Yoem. C., A. Hajbabaie, B. J. Schroeder, Vaughan C., X. Xuan, and N. M. Rouphail, 2015. Innovative Work Zone Capacity Models from Nationwide Field and Archival Sources. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. Vol. 2485, pp 51-60.
J11. Aghdashi S., N. M. Rouphail, A. Hajbabaie, and B. J. Schroeder, 2015. Generic Speed Flow Models for Basic Freeway Segments on General Purpose and Managed Lanes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2483, 2015, pp 148-159.
2013
J10. Hajbabaie A. and R. F. Benekohal, 2013. Traffic Signal Timing Optimization: Selecting the Objective Function. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2355, pp 10-19.
J9. Medina J. C., A. Hajbabaie, an R. F. Benekohal, 2013. Effects of Metered Entry Volume on an Oversaturated network with Dynamic Signal Timing. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2356, pp 53-60.
J8. Aghdashi S., N. M. Rouphail, and A. Hajbabaie, 2013. Estimating Incident Propensity Analysis in the Highway Capacity Manual. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2395, pp 123-131.
2011
J7. Hajbabaie A., J. C. Medina, M. Wang, M. V. Chitturi, and R. F. Benekohal, 2011. Sustained and Halo Effects of Various Speed Reduction Treatments in Highway Work Zones. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2265, pp 118-128.
J6. Medina J. C., A. Hajbabaie, and R. F. Benekohal, 2011. Detection Performance of Wireless Magnetometers at Signalized Intersection and Railroad Grade Crossing under Different Weather Conditions. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2259, pp 233-241.
J5. Wang M., R. F. Benekohal, H. Ramezani, H. Nassiri, J. C. Medina, and A. Hajbabaie, 2011. Safety and Headway Characteristics Analysis in Highway Work Zones with Automated Speed Enforcement. Advances of Transportation Studies, Vol. 23, pp 67-76.
2010 and earlier
J4. Chitturi M. V., R. F. Benekohal, A. Hajbabaie, M. Wang, and J. C. Medina, 2010. Effectiveness of Automated Speed Enforcement in Work Zones. ITE Journal, Vol. 80(6), Journal of Institute of Transportation Engineers, pp 26-35.
J3. Medina J. C., R. F. Benekohal, A. Hajbabaie, M. Wang, and M. V. Chitturi, 2009. Downstream Effects of Speed Photo–Radar Enforcement and Other Speed Reduction Treatments on Work Zones. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2107, pp 24-33.
J2. Benekohal R. F., M. Wang, M. V. Chitturi, A. Hajbabaie, and J. C. Medina, 2009. Speed Photo–Radar Enforcement and Its Effects on Speed in Work Zones. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2096, pp 80-97.
J1. Benekohal R. F., M. V. Chitturi, A. Hajbabaie, M. Wang, and J.C. Medina, 2008. Automated Speed Photo Enforcement Effects on Speeds in Work Zones. Transportation Research Record: Journal of Transportation Research Board, Vol. 2055, pp 11-20.
PEER-REVIEWED PAPERS IN CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
C28. Niroumand R.*, L. Hajibabai, and A. Hajbabaie. The Effects of the “White Phase” on Intersection Performance with Mixed-Autonomy Traffic Stream. The IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), September 2020.
C27. Mohebifard R.* and A. Hajbabaie. Effects of Automated Vehicles on Traffic Operations at Roundabouts. The IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), September 2020.
C26. Hale D., A. Hajbabaie, J. Na, J. Hu, H. Park, and J. Bared. Proposed Data-Driven Performance Measures for Comparing and Ranking Traffic Bottlenecks. Transportation Research Procedia 15, 483-494, International Symposium on Enhancing Highway Performance (ISEHP), June 14-16, 2016, Berlin, Germany.
C25. Hajbabaie A., N. M. Rouphail, B. J. Schroeder, and R Dowling. A Planning-Level Methodology for Freeway Facilities. The 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-15, 2015, Washington, DC.
C24. Hajbabaie A., C. Yoem, N. M. Rouphail, W. J. Rasdorf, and B. J. Schroeder. Freeway Work Zone Speed Prediction from Multi-State Sensor Data. The 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-15, 2015, Washington, DC.
C23. Hajbabaie A., S. Kim, B. J. Schroeder, S. Aghdashi, N. M. Rouphail, T. Song, and K. Tabrizi. Estimating Saturation Headways at Work Zones on Urban Arterials. The 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-15, 2015, Washington, DC.
C22. Aghdashi S., A. Hajbabaie, N. M. Rouphail, and B. J. Schroeder. Freeway Reliability Scenario Generation: A Hybrid Approach. The 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-15, 2015, Washington, DC.
C21. Yoem. C., A. Hajbabaie, B. J. Schroeder, Vaughan C., X. Xuan, and N. M. Rouphail. Innovative Work Zone Capacity Models from Nationwide Field and Archival Sources. The 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-15, 2015, Washington, DC.
C20. Aghdashi S., N. M. Rouphail, A. Hajbabaie, and B. J. Schroeder. Generic Speed Flow Models for Basic Freeway Segments on General Purpose and Managed Lanes. The 94th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-15, 2015, Washington, DC.
C19. Chase R. T., A. Hajbabaie, and B. J. Schroeder. Incorporating Weather Effects in HCM Reliability Analysis. The 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 13-17, 2013 Washington, DC.
C18. Aghdashi S., N. M. Rouphail, and A. Hajbabaie. Estimating Incident Propensity Analysis in the Highway Capacity Manual. The 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 13-17, 2013, Washington, DC.
C17. Hajbabaie A. and R. F. Benekohal. Does Traffic Metering Improve Network Performance Efficiency? Proceedings of the 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, October 05-07, 2011, Washington, DC.
C16. Medina J. C., A. Hajbabaie, and R. F. Benekohal. A Comparison of Approximate Dynamic Programming and Simple Genetic Algorithm for Traffic Control in Oversaturated Conditions – Case Study of a Simple Symmetric Network. Proceedings of the 14th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, October 05-07, 2011, Washington, DC.
C15. Hajbabaie A. and R. F. Benekohal. Which Policy Works Better for Signal Coordination? Common, or Variable Cycle Length. Proceedings of the 1st ASCE T&DI Congress, March 13-16, 2011, Chicago, IL.
C14. Hajbabaie A., H. Ramezani, and R. F. Benekohal. Speed Photo Enforcement Effects on Headways in Work Zones. Proceedings of the 1st ASCE T&DI Congress, March 13-16, 2011, Chicago, IL.
C13. Medina J. C., A. Hajbabaie, and R. F. Benekohal. Evaluation of Wireless Magnetometers for Vehicle Detection at Signalized Intersections. Proceedings of the 1st ASCE T&DI Congress, March 13-16, 2011, Chicago, IL.
C12. Hajbabaie A., M. Wang, J. C. Medina, M. V. Chitturi, and R. F. Benekohal. Sustained and Halo Effects of Various Speed Reduction Treatments in Highway Work Zones. The 90th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 23-27, 2011, Washington, DC.
C11. Medina J. C., A. Hajbabaie, and R. F. Benekohal. Detection Performance of Wireless Magnetometers at a Signalized and a Railroad Grade Crossing under Different Weather Conditions. The 90th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 23-27, 2011, Washington, DC.
C10. Hajbabaie A., J. C. Medina, and R. F. Benekohal. Effects of ITS-Based Left Turn Policies on Network Performance. Proceedings of the 13th International IEEE Annual Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, September 19-22, Madeira Island, Portugal.
C9. Medina J. C., A. Hajbabaie, and R. F. Benekohal. Arterial Traffic Control using Reinforcement Learning Agents and Information from Adjacent Intersections in the State and Reward Structure. Proceedings of the 13th International IEEE Annual Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, September 19-22, Madeira Island, Portugal.
C8. Medina J. C., A. Hajbabaie, and R. F. Benekohal. Wireless Magnetometers for Traffic Data Collection at Signalized Intersections. Proceedings of the TFT 2010 Conference, July 07-09 2010, Annecy, France.
C7. Hajbabaie A. and R. F. Benekohal. The Effects of Heavy Vehicle Percentage on Passenger Car Equivalency Factor. Proceedings of the TFT 2010 Conference, July 07-09 2010, Annecy, France.
C6. Hajbabaie A., R. F. Benekohal. Evolution Strategies Compared to Genetic Algorithms in Finding Optimal Signal Timing for Oversaturated Transportation Network. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence (IJCCI), October 05-07, 2009, Madeira Island, Portugal.
C5. Hajbabaie A., R. F. Benekohal, M. V. Chitturi, M. Wang, J. C. Medina. Comparison of Effects of Automated Speed Enforcement and Police Presence on Speeding in Work Zones. The 88th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-15, 2009, Washington, DC.
C4. Medina J. C., R. F. Benekohal, A. Hajbabaie, M. Wang, and M. V. Chitturi. Downstream Effects of Speed Photo–Radar Enforcement and Other Speed Reduction Treatments on Work Zones. The 88th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-15, 2009, Washington, DC.
C3. Benekohal R. F., M. Wang, M. V. Chitturi, A. Hajbabaie, and J. C. Medina. Speed Photo–Radar Enforcement and Its Effects on Speed in Work Zones, The 88th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 11-15, 2009, Washington, DC.
C2. Benekohal R. F., M. V. Chitturi, A. Hajbabaie, M-H Wang, and J.C. Medina. Automated Speed Photo Enforcement Effects on Speeds in Work Zones. The 87th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, January 13-17, 2008, Washington, DC.
C1. Benekohal R. F., A. Hajbabaie, M. V. Chitturi, M-H Wang, and J.C. Medina. Automated Speed Enforcement Effects on Speeding and Platooning in Work Zones, The 10th International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation, May 27-31, 2008, Athens, Greece.
TECHNICAL REPORTS
R22. Hajbabaie A. and M. Tajalli*. Dynamic Speed Harmonization in Connected Urban Street Networks: Improving Mobility. Center for Advanced Multimodal Mobility Solutions and Education (CAMMSE), November 2020.
R21. Hajbabaie A. and R. Mohebifard*. Dynamic Metering in Connected Urban Street Networks: Improving Mobility. 2020. Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (PacTrans), May 2020.
R20. Hajbabaie A., S. Sattarov*, and R. Mohebifard*. Safety and Operations Assessment of Various Left Turn Phasing Strategies. Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (PacTrans), October 2018.
R19. Li Z., Y Wang, A. Hajbabaie, and L. Hajibabai. Enhancing Safe Traffic Operations Using Connected Vehicles Data and Technologies. Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (PacTrans), June 2017.
R18. Hajibabai L., A. Hajbabaie, M. Tajalli*, and A. Mirheli. Guide for Utilization Measurement and Management of Fleet Equipment. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, April 2018 – Under Review.
R17. Hajbabaie A., Y. Wang, S. Islam*, and Z. Zeng. Regional Map-based Analytical Platform for Statewide Highway Safety Performance Assessment, Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (PacTrans), May 2018.
R16. Chang K., S. Brown, C. Chen, A. Hajbabaie, and R. Perkins. Safety Data Management and Analysis: Addressing the Continuing Education Needs for the Pacific Northwest. Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortium (PacTrans), May 2017.
R15. Highway Capacity Manual, Sixth Edition: A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2016.
R14. Dowling R., P. Ryus, B. J. Schroeder, M. Kyte, F. T. Creasey, N. M. Rouphail, A. Hajbabaie, and D. Rhoades. Planning and Preliminary Engineering Applications Guide to the Highway Capacity Manual. National Cooperative Highway Research Program – NCHRP Report 07-22, October 2016.
R13. Schroeder B. J., N. M. Rouphail, B. M. Williams, A. Hajbabaie, S. Aghdashi, and S Kim. Delay and User Cost Estimation for Work Zones on Urban Arterials. NCDOT Project 2013-09, Institute for Transportation Research and Education, North Carolina State University, June 2015.
R12. Kim S., A. Hajbabaie, B.M. Williams, and N Rouphail. Development of Near Real-Time Performance Measurements for Closed-Loop Signal Systems (CLS) Using Historical Traffic Data from Existing Loop Detectors and Signal Timing Data. NCDOT Project 2012-12, Institute for Transportation Research and Education, North Carolina State University, October 2014.
R11. Schroeder, B., A. Hajbabaie, C. Cunningham, and N. Rouphail, Migma Pedestrian Counting System, Final Report, Migma Systems, Inc., June 2014.
R10. Schroeder B. J., N. M. Rouphail, B. M. Williams, A. Hajbabaie, and A. Jia. Work Zone Traffic Analysis and Impact Assessment. NCDOT Project 2012-36, Institute for Transportation Research and Education, North Carolina State University, January 2014.
R9. Kittelson & Associates, Inc., Cambridge Systematic, Institute for Transportation Research and Education, and Texas A&M Research Foundation. Incorporation of Travel Time Reliability into the Highway Capacity Manual. Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2-L08), Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., September 2013.
R8. Hajbabaie A., J. C. Medina, and R. F. Benekohal. Traffic Signal Coordination and Queue Management in Oversaturated Intersections. NEXTRANS Project 047IY0, USDOT Region V Regional University Transportation Center, March 2011.
R7. Hajbabaie A., R. F. Benekohal, and J. C. Medina. Evaluation of Performance of Solar Powered Flashing Beacons at Severe Temperature Condition. FHWA-ICT-11-084, Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, June 2011.
R6. Medina J. C., R. F. Benekohal, and A. Hajbabaie. Evaluation of Sensys Wireless Detection System: Year-After Evaluation and Off-Center Sensors. FHWA-ICT-11-083, Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, June 2011.
R5. Medina J. C., R. F. Benekohal, and A. Hajbabaie. Evaluation of Sensys Wireless Vehicle Detection System: Results from Adverse Weather Conditions. FHWA-ICT-11-081, Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, March 2011.
R4. Hajbabaie A., R. F. Benekohal, and J. C. Medina. Evaluation of Performance of Solar Powered Flashing Beacons at Room Temperature Condition. FHWA-ICT-10-069, Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, April 2010.
R3. Benekohal R. F., A. Hajbabaie, M. V. Chitturi, M. Wang, and J. C. Medina. Speed Photo-Radar Enforcement Evaluation in Illinois Work Zones. FHWA-ICT-10-064, Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, January 2010.
R2. Medina J. C., R. F. Benekohal, and A. Hajbabaie. Evaluation of Sensys Wireless Vehicle Detection Systems: Results from the First Three Months. FHWA-ICT-09-059, Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign. November 2009.
R1. Hajbabaie A., R. F. Benekohal, J. C. Medina, and M. Chitturi, Evaluation of LED Vehicular and Pedestrian Modules. FHWA-ICT-09-043, Illinois Center for Transportation, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, April 2009.